Course Description

This course teaches the basics of the administration and deployment of web applications in the IBM WebSphere Application Server V5.1 Network Deployment environment.

Topics

• Enterprise (J2EE) Applications
• Installing and Configuring WebSphere Application Server
• WebSphere Application Server Architecture
• Installing Enterprise Applications
• Basic Enterprise Application Management
• Workload Management
• Security Management
• Web Services management
• Java Messaging Service (JMS) Management
• Application Tracing and Troubleshooting
• Performance Monitoring and Tuning with Tivoli Performance Analyzer

Target Student:

This course is designed for Webmasters and System Administrators who need to install, configure and maintain systems using WebSphere Application Server V 5.1 Network Deployment Edition.

Prerequisites:

The student should have a good understanding of Web technology, Java, operational skills for Windows and administration skills for a web server (examples: Apache or IBM HTTP Server).
 
Delivery Method:

Instructor led, group-paced, classroom-delivery learning model with structured hands-on activities.

Performance-Based Objectives:

After completing this course, the student should be able to:

• Install and configure WebSphere Application Server
• Install, configure and manage enterprise applications
• Configure runtime security
• Assemble enterprise modules into applications
• Tune the performance of WebSphere services
• Analyze and tune the performance of enterprise applications

Course Content

1. Introduction to IBM WebSphere
 
WebSphere v5.1 Administration, Network Deployment Edition
The Typical Network Architecture of Java Enterprise Applications
The Infrastructure for Java Enterprise Applications
Sun J2EE Blueprint
Java Servlets
JavaServer Pages (JSP)
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
EJB
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
JDBC Architecture
JDBC Connection Pooling
EJBs use JDBC
An Example
J2EE Software Packaging
Enterprise Archive (EAR)
Web Modules and WAR
EJB Modules
Deployment Descriptor
Deployment Descriptors
Enterprise Application DD
EJB Module DD
Web Module DD
WebSphere v5.1 Administration, Network Deployment Edition
WebSphere Family
WebSphere Application Server Product Packaging

2. Installation
 
Installable Components
Common Topology Choices
Example Production System Topology
Do You Need a Web Server?
Preparing the Machine
Installing the Web Server
Installing IBM HTTP Server
IBM HTTP Server Installation
Installing WebSphere Application Server
Installation Verification
Installing Network Deployment
Installation Verification
Troubleshooting
Co-existence Mode Installation
Silent Installation - When to use
Installing WAS Base Silent Mode
Silent Install - Response File
Silent Install
Network Deployment Silent Install
Applying Fixes
Downloading a Fix Pack
Applying Fix Pack

3. Architecture Details
 
Introduction
Base vs. Network Deployment
Application Server
Node
Cell
A Typical Cell
Configuration Repository
Administration Service
Cluster
Web Container
Web Request Processing
Plugin Configuration
Virtual Host
Managed Process
Basics
Key Possibilities
Coexistence Scenarios
Common Topologies
All in One
Vertical Scaling
Server Separation
Multi-tier
Horizontal Scaling
Web Server Horizontal Scaling
Multiple Instances
Multiple Cell
Process Discovery

4. Basic Administration
 
Topics
Administration Mechanism
Administration Roles
Administration Roles
Administration Clients
A Look at the Console
Creating an Application Server
Managing an Application Server
Enable Server Process Restart
Sample inittab contents
Basic Application Server Configuration
Configure HTTP Transport
Configure JVM
Preparing to Host Applications
Resource Scope and Variables
Configure a Virtual Host
Configure a Web Container
Configure Session Management
Configure an EJB Container
Configure a JDBC Provider
Select JDBC Provider Type
JDBC Provider Options
Data Source
WebSphere V5 Data Source
Creating a Data Source
Configure a Data Source
Mail Providers
What is the Plugin?
What is the Plugin Configuration?
Generating the Plugin Configuration
Use the Plugin Configuration
View the Plugin Configuration
The Plugin
Summary

5. Application Deployment
 
Topics
What is Application Assembly?
J2EE Modules
J2EE Application Assembly
Web Module
Configuring Web Applications
EJB Modules
Enterprise Application Modules
Application Server Toolkit
Import the EAR First
Application Server Toolkit
The J2EE Perspective
Edit application.xml
Web Modules
WebSphere Extensions
EJB Modules
Class Loader
Class Loader Hierarchy
WebSphere Class Loaders
WebSphere Class Loaders Hierarchy
Class Loading Isolation Options
Complete Isolation
Medium Isolation
Minimal Isolation
Which option to use?
Configuring the Class Loading Policy
Configuring Application Server Policy
Configuring Applications WAR Class Loader Policy
Configuring the Options
Customizing Delegation Order
Launching the Administrative Console
The Administrative Console
Installing an Enterprise Application into WebSphere Application Server
Installing an Enterprise Application into WebSphere Application Server
Saving the Master Configuration
Configuring the Web Server plugin
WebSphere Applications on the file system
Applicationœtopology
Application Properties
Virtual Host Mapping
EJB References/JNDI Names
JNDI Names for EJBs
Data Source for each CMP EJB
Default Data Source
Other EJB Module Properties
Other Web Module Properties
Export an Application
Export DDL for entity EJBs
Administering Applications Remove Applications
Updating Applications
Summary

6. Security
 
Topics
Security Functionality
What Can You Secure?
Challenge Mechanism
Basic Challenge
Client Certificates
Form-based Authentication
Form-based Authentication WebSphere
User Registry
Authentication Mechanism
SWAM Authentication Mechanism
LTPA Authentication Mechanism
J2EE Authorization Model
WebSphere Authorization Model
Protecting Web Resources
Protecting EJB Methods
EJB Delegation Policies
Delegation Scenario
Setting WebSphere Security
Configure Global Security
Standalone Application Server
Network Deployment
Enable Global Security
Configure LTPA Authentication Mechanism
Configure Local OS Registry
Configure the LDAP User Registry
Assign Administrative Rights
Protect the Application First
Extra Installation Steps
Map Security Roles to Users/Groups
Select Users for a Security Role
Run-As
Unprotected Methods
Single Sign-On(SSO)
Single Sign On (SSO)
Single Sign On (cont.)
Configuring SSO
WebSphere SSL Configuration
SSL Configuration Repertoire
SSL Repertoires
Creating an SSL Repertoire
Dummy Certificates
Key File
Trust File
Default Key Stores
Obtaining a Certificate
Generate a Self-Signed Certificate
Getting a CA Signed Certificate
Specify the Key Store
Different SSL Interactions
Web Client to Web Server
Enable SSL For IBM HTTP Server
Web server to WebSphere
Web server to WebSphere (cont.)
Java Client to WebSphere
Summary  

7. Advanced Administration
 
Topics
Configuration Architecture
Configuration File Structure
Configuration File Structure
Standalone Application Server
Deployment Manager
Application Server participating in a Cell
Cell Descriptor
Virtual Hosts Descriptor
Cluster Descriptor
Other Important Files
Other Important Files
Application Files
Application Server v. Network Deployment Repositories
Distributed Configuration
Concepts
JMX
WebSphere uses JMX
Layered JMX Architecture
Distributed Administration
JMX means customized administration
Advantages
Location of Tools
backupConfig, restoreConfig
wsinstance
GenPluginCfg
Overview
Central Scripting Objects
Launching wsadmin
JACL
Scripting Patterns
JCL Grammar
Accessing Command Line Options
JCL Grammar
Getting Help
JCL Grammar
Examples
Example Script
Common Tasks for Applications
Common Tasks for Applications
Common Configuration Tasks
Installing an Application
What next?
Summary

8. Application Tracing and Troubleshooting
 
Topics
Resources for Problem Determination
Access Log
Error Log
Start Up Error
The JRAS Toolkit
JRAS Log Types
Common Log Format
Example WebSphere Log Using JRAS
Understanding Java Stack Trace
Application Server Logs
Service Logs
Native Log
Web Server Plug-in Log
WebSphere Log Files
Server Log Files
Can™t Keep Them Straight?
Application Tracing
Application Tracing
Tools for Tuning and Troubleshooting
Tools for Tuning and Troubleshooting
Collector
Running Collector
Information Collected
FFDC
dumpNameSpace
HTTP Sessions Errors
IBMTrackerDebug Output
Installation Information
Java Stack Dump
Thread Analyzer
Configure Application Server Traces
Select the Log or Trace
Diagnostic Trace Options
Trace Specification
Runtime Trace Options
Configuring JVM Logs
Native Logs
Activity Log
Viewing Transactions
Log Analyzer
Launching Log Analyzer
Use Log Analyzer
Log Analyzer Interface
Preferences
Log Type and Sorting
Adjust Log Analyzer Settings Set Log Record Format
UOW Format
Activity Record Format
Merge Logs
Merge Logs
Update Symptom Database
Overview
Debugging Service
WebSphere Studio
Summary

9. Foundation

Objectives
List of Terms
Load
Active Load
Concurrent Load
Peak Load
Throughput
Throughput Curve
The significance of throughput
Response time
Response Time Curve
Think time
User Ramp Up
Saturation
Response time at system saturation
Response time past the buckle point
Interpreting response time trends
Interpreting response time trends
Performance Acceptance Criteria
Measure your system™s steady state
Path length
Bottleneck
Dealing with a bottleneck
Scaling
Horizontal and vertical scaling
Analyze before trying to scale
Calculating QA User Count
Accommodating QA User Count
Scaling Up QA Configuration
Bottom Up and Top Down
Bottom Up Testing

10. WebSphere Queuing Network
 
Topics
The WebSphere Queuing Network
Basic Tuning Principle
Terms
Open/Closed Queues in WebSphere
Queue Parameter List
IBM HTTP Server
Configuring MaxClients or ThreadsPerChild
UNIX Process Control
Backlog Queue
Keep Alive Settings
Web Container Queue
Web Container Thread
Configure the Web Container Thread Pool
HTTP Transport Properties
HTTP Transport Prpoerties (cont.)
Configuring HTTP Transport Properties
Example: Configuring MaxKeepAliveConnections
Taking Advantage of Backlog
EJB Method Call Queue
Setting the ORB Queue Values
Data Source Queue
Prepared statements and caching
Configuring Data Source
Configuring Connection Pool Size
Summary

11. Performance Data Gathering
 
Problem Determination v.s. Performance Tuning
What May Affect the WebSphere Performance
Performance Monitoring and Tuning in WebSphere
Performance Monitoring Infrastructure (PMI)
How PMI Works
PMI Performance Data
PMI Metrics Thread Pools
PMI Metrics Web Application
PMI Metrics - Transaction
PMI Metrics - EJB
PMI Metrics Data Source
PMI Metrics Memory Usage
PMI Metrics HTTP Session
Rating the Impact of Performance Monitoring
JVMPI Monitoring
JVMPI Metrics
Tivoli Performance Viewer
Tasks
Enable Performance Monitoring
Enabling JVMPI data reporting
Launching Tivoli Performance Viewer
Please Note
One More Thing
When Security is Enabled
Select Performance Data
Select Performance Categories
Configure Monitoring Settings
Setting the Instrumentation Level
Tasks to Displaying Performance Data
Collect Performance Data
Specify Log File
Viewing Performance Data
Viewing Performance Chart
Storing and Replaying Data from a Log File
Changing Display Options
The PMI Servlet
The PMI Servlet (cont )
Metric Tags
Monitor IBM HTTP Server
Monitor IBM HTTP Server
IBM HTTP Server status

12. Optimizing JVM Memory Usage
 
What is this chapter about?
Performance Considerations
Performance Concerns
The Heap
The Heap (cont.)
Heap Limit
Default Initial Heap Size
Heap Top
Default Maximum Heap Size
Configure the heap in WebSphere
Allocation Failure
Garbage Collection
Heap Regions IBM JDK
Heap Regions Sun JDK
Enable verbose garbage collection
Analyzing Verbose GC - IBM
Analyzing Verbose GC - Sun
Thread Local Heap (TLH)
Memory Tuning Goals
Effect of Initial Heap Size
Tuning the Startup Speed
Steady State Heap Size
Controlling the GC Timings
Solaris Threading Model

13. Performance Tuning Techniques
 
Topics
Basic Methodology
Problem Areas
CPU utilization
The components of CPU usage
Measure CPU utilization everywhere
Symptoms of underutilization
What causes underutilization?
Network capacity problem?
Synchronization problem?
Slow external resource?
Is the test pushing the system hard enough?
Does your system scale?
Symptoms of burstiness
Infrequent synchronization problem?
Test driver synchronization problem?
Slow back-end systems?
Slow garbage collection?
Timeout problems?
Erratic network traffic?
Symptoms of over utilization
High User CPU
High System CPU
High Wait CPU
Server hanging
Thread dump in WebSphere v5
Analyzing a Thread Dump
Uneven cluster loading
Load balancer configured correctly?
Plan of attack
Tuning the WebSphere Queuing Network
Tuning Static Content
Recall: Basic Tuning Principle
EJB instance cache size
Disable Web Application Auto Reload
Enable Pass By Reference
Relax Transaction Isolation Level
Optimize Access Intent
Cache JNDI Objects
Database Connection Handling
Prepared Statement Caching
Tuning the Prepared Statement Cache
Prepared Statement Caching by DB2
Overview
Logs
Separate DB2 log files from the physical database
Configuration Advisor
Launch Configuration Advisor
DB2/Linux communication
MaxAppls
MaxAgents
Buffer Pool Tuning
Configuring buffpage
Evaluating the buffer pool size
Monitoring the database buffer pool
Query optimization level
Configuring query optimization level
reorgchk
MinCommit
Determining the need to change MinCommit
Guide Lines
Session Affinity
Session Cache
Configuring Session Management
Tuning Session Database I/O
Calculating Average Session Size
Tuning Session Database I/O DB2 Specific Notes

14. Web Services
 
Topics
What are Web Services
What are Web Services
Why Do We Need Web Services?
Business Motivation for Web Services
Technical Motivation for Web Services
Technologies for Implementing Web Service Functionality
Web Services Communication
Web Services Invocation
Web Services Integration
How Web Services Work
What is SOAP ?
What Does SOAP Define ?
Request and Response
SOAP HTTP Request Example
SOAP HTTP Response Example
UDDI
Service Discovery
Web Service Description
Elements of a WSDL Document
WSDL Example
Accessing SOAP Web Services from Client Applications
Using Web Services in WebSphere
Web Services in WebSphere Application Server
Overview
Architecture
WSIF Provider
WSIF Operation
WSIF Service
WSDL Document
Managing the WSIF package
wsif.properties
Managing wsif.properties
WSIF and Security Managers
Changes to Java 2 Security Policy
Overview
Objects to Administer
Objects to Administer
Installing the Gateway
The Gateway Administrative Console
Deploy new Channel
Deploy new Filter
Deploy new UDDI Reference
Deploy new Web Service
Security
Gateway-level Authentication
Operation-level Authorization
Considerations
Overview
Install Scripts
Install into Deployment Manager
The UDDI User Console
Quick Publish
Publish a Web Service
Explore the Registry
Summary

15. Administering JMS
 
Topics
The Trouble with RMI/IIOP
Messaging to the Rescue
Messaging Features
Message-Oriented Middleware
Messaging Domains
Publish/Subscribe
Point-to-Point
Java Messaging Service
The JMS Interfaces
Integrating JMS and EJB
Durable Subscription
Deployment Descriptor Entry
Binding the Queue or Topic
Transactions
Security
Load Balancing
Clustering and Topics
Clustering and Queues
Guaranteed Delivery
Poison Messages
How the System Administrator Can Avoid Poison Messages
JMS Provider
Create a JMS Provider
JMS Provider Properties
JMS Provider Additional Properties
JMS Resources
Create Queue Connection Factory
Create Queue Destination
Create Topic Connection Factory
Create Topic Destination
JMS Servers
JMS Server Properties
Enabling Security
Configure JMS Resource Authorization
Createœqueue admins
Define default queue permissions
Define specific queue permissions
Define queue permissions for everyone else
Define specific topic permissions
Define default topic permissions
Deploying a JMS-enabled Application
Create a JMS Listener Port
Create a JMS Listener Port
Summary

16. Workload Management

Topics
What is Workload Management?
Different Kinds of WLM
Benefits of WLM
Benefits of WLM
Deployment Manager WLM
Web Server WLM
Plugin WLM
EJS WLM
Server State and WLM
Stateless Operations
Stateful Operations
Vertical Scaling
Horizontal Scaling
Heterogeneous Scaling
Points of Failure
Dispatcher
Cell
Single Machine
Separate HTTP Server
How to separate the HTTP server
Installing Components
Configure Web Server
Common Problems
Separate Database Server
How to separate the database server
Separating the database server: DB2
Separating the database server: Oracle
Separating the J2EE Containers
Multiple Cells
One cell or two?
Cluster
Network Deployment Pre-installation
Network Deployment Coexistence with WAS-Base
Centralized Administration
Deployment Manager
Cell
Nodes
addNode Command
addNode - Steps
Start/Stop a Node
removeNode Command
RemoveNode Command
syncNode
cleanupNode
Synchronization
Configuring Synchronization
Synchronization Options
Clusters
Create a Cluster
Add Clustered Servers
Server Weight
Cluster Summary
Cluster Members
Start/Stop Cluster
Start or Ripplestart?
Cluster Topology
Prefer Local
Replication
Tasks
Internal Replication Domains
Create a Replication Domain
Create a Replicator Entry
Replicator Security
Regenerate Encryption Key
Separating the Web Server
Separating the Web Server
Install the Web Server Plugin
Copy the Web Server Plugin Configuration
Establish Firewalls
Web Server Plugin and Workload Management
Root Configuration Element
DNS Failures
Config Overview
The Plugin Log
Virtual Host Groups
Virtual Host Groups
Server Clusters
Server Clusters
ServerCluster
ServerCluster
Server
Server
Primary and Backup Servers
Primary and Backup Servers
URI Groups
Routes
Example Route
Route Configuration
Route
Route
Enabling EJB Workload Management
Stateless Session Beans
Stateful Session Beans
Entity Beans
Entity Beans
Entity Bean Caching Options
Entity Bean Caching Options
EJB Clients
JNDI Workload Management
JNDI Workload Management
EJB Server Selection
EJB Server Selection
EJB Failover
WebSphere Edge Components
HTTP Session
Session Affinity - WAS
Session Affinity
Persistent Session Management
Persistent Session Management - Continued
Configuring Session Persistence
Session Persistence Data Source
WebSphere Internal Messaging
Memory-to-Memory Replication
Tuning Session Cache
Summary

17. Introduction to Migration
 
Introduction
Basic Concepts
What to Migrate?
Common Migration Goals
Overview of v3.5 to v5 Migration
v3.5 to v5
Overview of V4 to V5 Migration
Migration Plan

18. Migrating the System Configuration and Runtime
 
Objectives
Goals
Mapping System Configuration
Sample Mapping
Prepare the Domain
Prepare the Application
Install Application
Automated Migration
The WASPreUpgrade Tool
The WASPostUpgrade Tool
DB2 Migration
DB2 Migration Steps
Server Coexistence
Server Coexistence (cont.)

Appendix A. LDAP Security
 
LDAP Security Basics
LDAP Data Structure
Example
Distinguished Name (DN)
DN and RDN Example
Searching
Creating a User in Active Directory
Configure WebSphere with Active Directory
WebSphere and Active Directory

Appendix B. Naming
 
Name Service Basics
Basics
EJB Name
Which Server to Lookup From?
Looking Up an EJB
Looking Up an EJB
Provider URL Details
EJB Resource Reference
Now The Problems
Persistent Namespace Binding
Persistent Namespace Binding
Looking Up EJB Using Persistent Namespace Entry